Nigeria Posts $6.83bn Balance of Payments Surplus In 2024, Signaling Economic Resurgence

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has announced a Balance of Payments (BOP) surplus of $6.83billion for the 2024 financial year, marking a decisive turnaround from deficits of $3.34billion in 2023 and $3.32billion in 2022.

This improvement reflects the impact of wide-ranging macroeconomic reforms, stronger trade performance, and renewed investor confidence in Nigeria’s economy.

Stronger Trade and External Account Performance 

The current and capital account recorded a surplus of $17.22billion in 2024, underpinned by a goods trade surplus of $13.17billion.

Petroleum imports declined by 23.2% to $14.06billion, while non-oil imports fell by 12.6% to $25.74billion.

On the export side, gas exports rose by 48.3% to $8.66billion, and non-oil exports increased by 24.6% to $7.46billion.

Remittance inflows remained resilient, with personal remittances rising by 8.9% to $20.93billion.

International Money Transfer Operator (IMTO) inflows surged by 43.5% to $4.73billion, up from $3.30billion in 2023, reflecting stronger engagement from the Nigerian diaspora.

Official development assistance also rose by 6.2% to $3.37billion.

Improved Financial Account and Reserve Position 

Nigeria recorded a net acquisition of financial assets totalling $12.12billion.

Portfolio investment inflows more than doubled, increasing by 106.5% to $13.35billion, while resident foreign currency holdings grew by $5.41billion, indicating stronger confidence in domestic economic stability.

Although foreign direct investment fell by 42.3% to $1.08billion, the overall financial account posted notable gains.

The country’s external reserves increased by $6.0billion to $40.19billion by year-end 2024, bolstering its external buffer.

Marked Improvement in Data Integrity 

Notably, net errors and omissions narrowed significantly by 79.5% to negative $5.1billion in 2024, down from $24.9billion in 2023, reflecting substantial improvements in data availability and capture.

This represents a major advance in data accuracy, transparency, and overall reporting integrity.

Outlook and Policy Impact 

The 2024 BOP surplus highlights the effectiveness of Nigeria’s ongoing reform agenda.

The liberalisation and unification of the foreign exchange market, a disciplined monetary policy approach to managing inflation and stabilising the naira, and coordinated fiscal and monetary measures have all contributed to enhanced competitiveness and investor sentiment.

“The positive turnaround in our external finances is evidence of effective policy implementation and our unwavering commitment to macroeconomic stability,” said the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. “This surplus marks an important step forward for Nigeria’s economy, benefiting investors, businesses, and everyday Nigerians alike.”